ToolsSprint 2✅ successCompiled Learning ObjectivesProgramming language conceptsDefine the term variable.Describe how a variable relates to a memory location.Give 3 examples of common operators.Define the && (and), || (or), and ! (not) operators.Explain what happens when you call a function.Bitwise operatorsDescribe the meaning of the &, |, ^, and ~ bitwise operators.Manually perform the function of the &, |, ^, and ~ bitwise operators on two integers.Comparing programming languagesIdentify whether variables have fixed types in C, Python, and JavaScript.Identify and explain the differences between a function definition in C and Python.Compare compiled and interpreted languages.Explain one advantage of compiled languages, and one advantage of interpreted languages.Shell pipelinesDescribe what a shell pipeline is.Explain why we use shell pipelines.Explain the difference between stdout and stderr.Explain what gets passed between two programs when they’re combined with a |.grep in pipelinesList the files in a directory which contain an upper-case letter in their name with ls and grep.Count the number of files in a directory which contain an upper-case letter in their name with ls, grep, and wc.Explain why we don’t need to pass -1 to ls when piping its output.sort and uniqCount the occurrences of different lines within a file using sort and uniq.head and tailOutput the first 5 lines of a file using head.Output the last 5 lines of a file using tail.Output the five lines starting 10 lines into a file using head and tail.trReplace all occurrences of one character with another using tr.jqUse jq to retrieve information from a JSON fileDiscussion: programming language conceptsDefine the term variable.Explain the purpose of main memory.Describe how a variable relates to a memory location.Describe how a string is laid out in memory.Explain what happens when you call a function.Define the term class.Explain the relationship between a class and an instance of a class.Explain why computers have secondary storage.